Return to Tonality Musical Quotation Represents conscious break with serialism Improves communication w/ audience Quoted material conveys symbolic meaning Parallels quotation in implying other styles Frequently juxtaposes quoted material with others, creating an Ives-esque sound Electronic Music Uses technological advances for new music Recording tape, synthesizers, computers Allows composers to skip the middle step of performers to convey their ideas to an audience Provides unlimited palette of sounds/tone colors 11 Characteristics Steady pulse, clear tonality, repetition of short melodic fragments Dynamics, texture, & harmony constant over time Emphasis on simple forms, clarity, understatement Minimalist Music Chance Music Opposite of serialism Composers choose pitches, tone colors, & rhythms by random methods John Cage: 4’33”, Imaginary Landscape Karlheinz Stockhausen: Piano Piece No. 17 - Musical Styles since 1945 Many societal changes since WWII Instant communication has altered the world Constant demand for novelty Characteristics of Music Since 1945 Increased use of the 12-tone system Serialism -12-tone techniques extended Chance music that includes the random Minimalist music w/ tonality, pulse, repetition Deliberate quotations of earlier music in work Return to tonality by some composers Electronic music “ Liberation of sound” Mixed media New concepts of rhythm & form Įxtensions of the 12-Tone System: Serialism Increased Use of the 12-Tone System After WWII, Europeans explored 12-tone 12-tone viewed as technique-not a style Webern’s music & style became popular Nazi’s had banned music by Schoenberg & Jews European composers heard 12-tone as “new” Pointillist approach w/ atomized melodies The system was used to organize rhythm, dynamics, and tone color Tone row ordered relationships of pitches Serialism ordered other musical elements Result was a totally controlled, organized music Relationships often very difficult to perceive Music: An Appreciation, Brief 7 th Edition by Roger Kamien Part VI The 20th Century & Beyond Music after 1945 2011 © McGraw-Hill Higher EducationĬh.
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